Sail and all

  

I'll write more about this soon, but for now I'm sharing a photo of a Surfbird (Calidris virgata) eating a By-the-wind Sailor (Velella velella).  Photographed on Bodega Head on 21 March 2026.

A little orange cup

  

I've been working on some photo organization, but here's a little Orange Cup Coral for you — Balanophyllia elegans, photographed in Bodega Harbor.

Sailing into August?

  

Just a quick note that there are lots of very large By-the-wind Sailors (Velella velella) washing ashore right now.  Many are in the range of 7-10 cm long.  Photo from 30 July 2025.

Happy Solstice!

  

Moonglow Anemone (Anthopleura artemisia) 

At the larger end

  

Quick shot of a large By-the-wind Sailor (Velella velella) washed ashore this morning (13 May 2025).  Strong west winds have pushed thousands of Velella onto local beaches recently.  Most have been smaller than this one, but I'm always keeping my eyes on the range of sizes.

The ocean planet

  

To help celebrate Earth Day, a nice view of soft corals (Cryptophyton goddardi) from the rocky intertidal zone on Bodega Head.

P.S.  Thanks for the great photo, Eric!

Buoyant packets

  

We were doing some field surveys this morning (2 April 2025) along the rocky shore when Eric noticed these unusual compacted packets of By-the-wind Sailors (Velella velella) floating in tidepools.

He recognized what was going on right away (and there's a hint in the photo above), but it's likely this only happens under rare circumstances.

Here's another photo with an even stronger hint:

 

 

Giant Green Sea Anemones (Anthopleura xanthogrammica) have been feeding on By-the-wind Sailors...and there have been so many of them recently that the anemones are expelling large packets filled with the indigestible parts of Velella.

 

The basic idea — an anemone swallows lots of Velella, digests what it can, and then expels the leftover bits from its mouth in a dense ball (like an owl pellet) surrounded by mucous.

 

Here's a photo just before the Velella packet is expelled:

 

 

 

Today was a blustery spring day with strong northwest winds.  Because these packets of Velella float at the surface, there were often clusters of them at the downwind ends of tidepools (especially in pools with good numbers of anemones):

 

 

With thanks to Eric for noticing and documenting this interesting phenomenon!

Land Ho!

  

You might have heard or noticed that there have been a lot of By-the-wind Sailors (Velella velella) washing ashore on local beaches recently.  Here's a photo from Bodega Head today, 31 March 2025.

Numbers of Velella vary from year to year, but this is a relatively common phenomenon during the spring, especially when there are strong west winds.

Sometimes when there are lots of Velella, there could be other species from farther offshore mixed in with them, so I often take a closer look to see if anything else stands out.

Interestingly, when I was looking at one Velella that was still floating, it looked like there was something on the "deck" (the skirt or mantle):

 

 

And with an even closer view, I realized what it was:

 

 

 

What?  Stuart Little with a spyglass!

 

 

 

Well, just kidding...Happy April Fools' Day!  

 

I couldn't resist documenting the recent Velella strandings, and it's also fun to think about all of the little By-the-wind Sailors out on the open ocean.

 

Blue drift lines

  

Looking north along Salmon Creek Beach, with drift lines of By-the-wind Sailors (Velella velella).  There were so many Velella washed up tonight (14 March 20205), the beach looked blue as far as you could see. Here are a couple more views showing the high densities of Velella:

 

 

 

You can probably see that there were a variety sizes, anywhere from ~1 mm long to 70 mm long.  Below, a photo of small-medium Velella:

 

 

 

And, a couple of tiny (hard-to-see!) Velella. The first is at the end of Eric's fingertip for scale:

 

 

And the next one is so small its sail is barely visible:

 

 

If you've been to the beach lately, I'm guessing you're seeing Velella, too?

P.S.  For an introduction to Velella, see "Below the water line" on 18 March 2014.

Horseshoes washing ashore

  

A nectophore from Hippopodius on Salmon Creek Beach.  Although this photo is from late December 2024, we saw quite a few of these nectophores on the beach tonight (21 February 2025).

For more information about these structures, check out earlier posts:

"Hippos" on the beach from 16 April 2015

Little hippos on the sand from 21 February 2021

P.S.  My eyebrows always go up when there's an exact match between today's date and a previous date with the same topic, e.g., today's post on 21 February 2025 and the earlier post on 21 February 2021.

Happy hula-days!

  

This is a record shot -- i.e., not a great photo, but one that's important for documentation.  

We went for a short walk at Salmon Creek Beach this afternoon and recorded quite a few gelatinous species, including 5 species of siphonophores (!), a ctenophore, a pteropod, and a salp.

I'll share some more photos and information soon, but for now I just wanted to highlight this intriguing Hula Skirt Siphonophore (Physophora hydrostatica).

I wrote about this species almost 10 years ago, so for a better explanation and some additional photos and illustrations, check out the post called "A Hula Skirt!" on 7 May 2015.

Reaching out to say...

  

  Happy solstice, everyone!

P.S.  From a Ten-tentacled Sea Anemone (Halcampa decemtentaculata) photographed recently by Eric along the Sonoma Coast.

For fall

  

Eric photographed this gorgeous Moonglow Anemone (Anthopleura artemisia) at Point Reyes last week.  Seemed like an appropriate photo to help celebrate the autumn equinox!  

Notice that the markings in the center of the oral disk (the brown and cream-colored markings surrounding the mouth) hint at the six-part symmetry of sea anemones, which belong to the taxonomic group called Hexacorallia.

Here's a view of the entire anemone (below).  Interestingly, the color patterns of the anemones we found last weekend seemed a little different than the Moonglow Anemones that we see in Sonoma County.

 Happy fall, everyone!

 P.S.  And thanks for the great shots, Eric!

Pool of light

  

 Morning light in a tidepool with sea urchins (purple) and sea anemones (green).

On the windward side

  

While in Hawai'i, we walked some east-facing beaches to look for pelagic invertebrates washed ashore.

Above, a small Portuguese Man O' War (Physalia physalis) on Kaua'i on 4 April 2024.

Below, a Purple Sea Snail (Janthina umbilicata).  (Interestingly, the Janthina we found on Kaua'i were quite a bit smaller than the Janthina we observed in California back in March.)

 

 

 

One of the beaches where these species were found:

 

 

 

Bearing a clever defense

  

Sometimes it's hard to choose which photos to share, but I couldn't resist posting this Teddy Bear Crab (Polydectus cupulifer) from Hawai'i.

This crab is covered with dense setae (chitinous bristles), making it look very fuzzy.  

And check out the area near the tips of its claws.  Can you see how it looks a bit softer there and how it's a slightly different color than the crab (and lacks bristles)?  

Teddy Bear Crabs carry a small sea anemone in each claw.  [They usually choose Pleasing Anemones (Telmatactis decora).]  I read that the sea anemones might be used to defend against predators or in feeding.

Photographed near Honolulu on 7 April 2024.

On sail?

  

Thousands of By-the-wind Sailors (Velella velella) were washed up on the beach tonight (21 March 2024), and this time they were much larger.  We measured some that were ~8-9 cm long.  

With south/southwest/west winds coming during the next couple of days, we could see even more Velella in drift lines on local beaches.

Cloudy with a chance of sailors

  

Eric and I did a quick beach survey at the end of the day today as the storm was letting up.  There were thousands of By-the-wind Sailors (Velella velella) washed up.  Some were up to ~3-4 cm long, but the vast majority were under 1 cm long and the most abundant size was only ~1-2 mm long (second photo below with millimeter ruler):

 

 

 

 

We also found one Purple Sea Snail (Janthina umbilicata), hundreds of swimming bells of the siphonophore Diphyes dispar, one pyrosome (I thought there might be more today), and pieces of driftwood with pelagic barnacles (Lepas sp.).

 

The view as rain showers were clearing:

 

 

 

Solo sola

  

A beautiful Sunburst Anemone (Anthopleura sola) photographed by Eric on 19 January 2024.

Indicator?

  

I took these photos about a week ago, but wanted to share them since this is a species often associated with warmer water conditions.  

This is the nectophore (swimming bell) of Diphyes dispar, a siphonophore.  We recorded >50 individuals on Salmon Creek Beach on 1 January 2024.

The last time we observed this species was during the 2014-2016 marine heatwaves.  Recent water temperatures have been warmer than average for this time of year, hovering ~13-14°C (56-57°F), perhaps connected to this winter's El Niño.

Here's another photo with a ruler for scale:

 

 

I introduced Diphyes back in 2014, so for information about them, check out the post called "From the south" on 26 October 2014.