Deep-sea highlights

It was hard to choose among the many photos from the E/V Nautilus dive at Bodega Canyon yesterday (11 August 2017).  Here are a few of our favorite screenshots.  [Click on the images for larger versions.]

 

Crinoid, or feather star, probably Florometra serratissima

 

Deep-sea nudibranch, Tritonia tetraquetra

Although Tritonia seems to have been the most common nudibranch species observed on these dives, a few other species have appeared.  

Finding the nudibranch in the next image is harder.  The ROV was focused on the primnoid coral (see white branches at right side of photo) covered by beige and yellow zoanthids (the dominant animals in the image).  But look for the small white nudibranch in the upper left corner! 

 

[In case you're wondering, zoanthids are cnidarians with features similar to corals and anemones, but they don't have hard skeletons and their tentacle arrangement is different from most anemones.]

The views of deep-sea bamboo corals were spectacular:

 

Bamboo corals are in the family Isididae.  I'm just learning about these corals, but I think the individuals pictured here might be in the genus Keratoisis.  Although bamboo corals are named after their beautiful skeletons with a banding pattern similar to bamboos, it was fun to see these living corals, with their dense peach-colored polyps:

 

The next coral species is Isidella tentacula.  The "tentacula" part of the name comes from their distinctive 'sweeper tentacles.'  Look for them at the base of coral:

 

Here's a close-up of the sweeper tentacles near the holdfast of the coral (see below).  It's thought that these tentacles are defensive, containing concentrations of stinging nematocysts.

 

Many thanks again to the E/V Nautilus crew for sharing these wonderful deep-sea communities with us.  It's been a gift to join you in exploring Bodega Canyon!

P.S.  We hope you get in at least one more dive before you head north.  And if you happen to see this post, we'd love a few more close-up views of a stalked crinoid (sea lily).  :)

Far offshore and deep below

Mystery image #1:

 

And here's another — mystery image #2:

 

Ready for the answers?

The first image is a segment of the skeleton of a bamboo coral.  This piece is in the collection at the Bodega Marine Lab.  It was collected decades ago from ~500 fathoms off of Bodega Bay.  

The second is a single arm of a crinoid, also known as a feather star.

I'm sharing these images with the hope that it encourages you to tune in to live footage of ROV exploration at Bodega Canyon this week.  You can watch and listen to scientists documenting corals, crinoids, brittle stars, sea spiders, sponges, octopus, and other unusual deep-sea marine life thousands of feet below the surface.  This is a wonderful opportunity to learn about a variety of animals that most people never get to see!

In 2008, during a clean-up of abandoned fishing gear near Cordell Bank, a few animals were brought back to the marine lab.

I took a few quick photos of the beautiful crinoids clinging to the old, tangled ropes.  Crinoids are a class of echinoderms (related to sea stars, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers).  There are about 600 species of crinoids in the world.  Some crinoid species hold on to the substrate with finger-like cirri (see the cluster of short appendages near the center of the image below).

 

Most crinoids are known for their long feather-like arms.  The side branches of the arms are called pinnules.  Crinoids are suspension-feeders.  They hold their arms upward (like an upside-down umbrella) and capture food particles drifting down from above.  

A long groove runs along the center of the each arm and is lined with clusters of tube feet and modified ossicles (calcified plates) called lappets.  The tube feet and the lappets are involved in directing food particles to the central groove which then transports the particles down to the mouth at the center of the arms.

Since we took these pictures almost 10 years ago, Eric didn't have a great video camera yet.  But he did capture close-ups of the crinoid tube feet as well as the lappets flipping up and down along the food groove (we think they look like little pinball flippers!).  The footage is grainy, but I think you'll be able to appreciate this fascinating feeding behavior.  Then when you see crinoids in the live video from Bodega Canyon, you'll be able to think about how feather stars feed!

Here's Eric's short video clip:

crinoid sanford from Jackie Sones on Vimeo.

I'll end with an old illustration of a feather star holding on to a tube worm, and a reminder to check out the live deep-sea footage from Bodega Canyon!